Exhaust valves are always smaller than the intake. The intake valve gets cooled by the fuel/air mixture that passes over it, thus allowing it to be larger because it will not warp like the exhaust. The exhaust valve doesn't get any type of cooling, so it has to remain small in order not to warp or disstort.
Exhaust valves are not always smaller. It is easy to perceive, as a standard, though....
There are a few cases, where the intake valves are the same size or smaller than the exhaust. I can't name them all, but the first one to comes to mind, is the first generation Yamaha Genesis series. It came in close to 1000cc's and had 3 intake valves and 2 exhaust per cylinder. The intake were/are smaller...
Another is the first generation Chrysler/Dodge Hemi-Sperical Head series. Intake and Exhaust were the same size. Later they were updated to have a larger Intake valve and runner.
I have seen a few Honda's (car engines), too. (same sized)
I am sure that there are a few Exotics/imports that are similar, but I am drifting into the AUTO side of things.....
I have never heard the "Temperature" explanation, for valve size, but there is some partially correct info in there.
The Intake valve is cooled by the Fuel and Air charge....
Metallurgy, or molecular recipe and Dimensional Structure (the shape and angles) controls "warpage." You'll find that info in manufacturer's claims of higher temps and such.
From my understanding, from what I was taught, and remember it was someone else's opinion passed on to me....
Larger intake valves were a compromise of available head space, intake runner volume, available head structure, and Performance...
Like what was said in another thread, intake charges come to a stop and compress when the intake valve is closed. Somebody found out that the larger the intake runner Volume, the better the performance, at higher RPM's. (Of course there is a point of being too large/ too much capacity..)
So, here are a few examples, but I know that this is a partial list....
Take it for what it's worth.....
-Rhyno